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Mara Territorial Council / Maraland Defence Force

MTC/MDFResistance Force

The Chinland Defense Force – Mara (CDF-Mara) was formed[1] on May 27, 2021, with four objectives, to protect communities by ethnic group and territory from the coup junta's violence. In Announcement No. 2/2021[2] on September 10, it stated that other fraternal allied forces and ethnic armed groups must notify CDF-Mara before passing through or transporting goods in areas it controls in the Mara region, and that it would take strong action against, and seize the goods of, unrecognized groups operating there or seeking personal profit.

On September 11, it issued five rules[3] for people in the Mara territory (Sawhmo Bia), Thantlang Township, Chin State, two of which directly concern the terrorist junta. On October 17, it announced that it would cooperate on military affairs[4] with CDF – Matupi and CDF – Zotung.

On January 29–30, 2022, the First Mara People's Congress was held on the India–Myanmar border with 275 participants, including representatives from 44 Mara villages, revolutionary forces and observers. The congress adopted the Mara Charter and formed the Interim Mara Administrative Territorial Council (MATC) as an interim legislative body. To carry out the council's work, an executive administrative committee[5] of 15 members was formed, led by a chair and senior chair, and 11 departments were established.

The First Mara People's Congress statement also said that the two forces CDF – Mara and the Mara Army were upgraded into the Maraland Defense Force (MDF), and that no other armed group would be allowed to form within the MATC's territory. The MDF is led by a central military command. The statement also said it recognizes Parts (1) and (2) of the Federal Democracy Charter issued by the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH).

On September 30, 2021, MPC/CDF – Mara took part in forming[6] the Chinland Joint Defense Committee (CJDC), together with township- and region-based CDF forces in Chin State and the Chin National Front (CNF). On December 11, the CJDC issued a statement strongly objecting to the assassination[7] on December 5 of Pu Cin Sian Sum, leader of CJDC member PDF-Zoland, by the Manipur-based Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA) of India.

On January 15, 2022, it issued news release 2/2022[8], stating that it was time for Chin youth to defend their own villages, that young and middle-aged people fleeing to the border mixed in with displaced people would not be allowed to pass through CDF-Mara territory at all, and that any passage without prior notice would be blocked.

On February 8, it officially announced that, because CDF – Mara had become the Maraland Defense Force (MDF) by decision of the First Mara People's Congress, its social media page would be renamed MDF[9] from February 9.

On March 25, when MDF chief of staff members went to the Sawhmo ridge for organizing work, CDF – Mara obstructed them in Ngaphaithe village; that evening, during a meeting at the village school, CDF – Mara members tried to seize weapons from MDF members providing security, leading to an exchange of fire[10]. On March 30, the MATC stated[11] that MATC/MDF had proposed that CDF – Mara (Sawhmo) join in forming an independent and impartial investigation committee into the incident, and as CDF – Mara had not come, it invited them again, and urged that nothing be done to create misunderstanding among the Mara public and revolutionary organizations.

The MATC held its first council meeting over three days, April 20–22, 2022. It approved[12] the Local Administration Act (2022), the Education Act (2022), the Defence Act (2022) and the Financial Obligations and Financial Management Act (2022). The MATC meeting also stated its concern that the unity of the whole Chin nation would be harmed because, although it had taken part in founding the CJDC, first as MPC/CDF – Mara and then as MATC/MDF under the Mara People's Congress, and served as an organizer in the committee, its representative had been removed from duty without cause and barred from attending regular CJDC meetings.

On April 27, the Mara Youth Organization (MTP) and the Mara Students' Organization (MSO) announced that, because people fleeing their homes to the Mara Autonomous District in India were bringing in[13] alcohol, drugs and other illegal goods banned by the Indian government, 24-hour checkpoints would be opened from May 1 at the border gates of Siasi, Chapi, Zyhno, Laki, Khaikhy, Lobo, Naotla and Iana.

On May 26, the MATC held a preliminary meeting with the Interim Khumi Affairs Coordination Council (IKACC), and they jointly issued six points of agreement[14]. During this period, there were some shootings[15] between the MDF and CDF – Mara because of disagreements. On June 24, the MATC met informally with the Mindat Township People's Administration and issued three points of agreement[16].

On July 7, the MATC officially formed its Civil Disobedience Movement Committee (CDMC[17]). After disagreements and armed disputes with CDF – Mara, on September 1 the MATC issued a "Position Statement on Acts Committed by Various Means Against the Public in Mara Territory by an Armed Group Calling Itself CDF – Mara"[18]. The statement also listed ten incidents of disputes and violence.

The MATC's second council meeting was held online on September 23 and 24, 2023 [2022], and in person at MDF military headquarters on September 29 and 30. Two draft laws were submitted, and on the principle of building Chin national unity, it stated[19] that the unity of the whole nation depends mainly on the unity, mutual respect and recognition of its ethnic sub-groups.

On June 23 and 24, 2022, CDF – Mara formed the ZZLMS allied joint force[20] with the Chin defence forces CDF – Zotung, Zophei, Lautu and Sengthang for joint resistance against the terrorist junta.

On October 7, the ZZLMS announced that it would "actively take part in resolving the internal affairs of the MDF and CDF – Mara". On October 9, in Statement No. 8/2022[21], the MATC responded that the announcement had destroyed all efforts at face-to-face peaceful resolution between the parties, and that no one should interfere, push, incite or pressure on internal matters of the people without knowing the situation on the ground and the root causes. It also issued statement 9/2022[22] on shootings in Ngaphaipi village resulting from the ZZLMS's involvement.

On October 15, Paul Sitha[23], chair of the Maraland Territorial Council and commander-in-chief, died of a stomach illness. On October 28 and 29, the MATC held an emergency council meeting[24] that filled the vacant chair, drafted a Mara Unity Frame and formed an MATC Peace Commission. On November 2, in statement 10/2022[25], it declared that it would take effective action to the end over the killing of U Saing Hmo, adviser to the Mara Youth Association in Sabaw village under MATC control, who was arrested twice by CDF-Lautu, on August 7 and November 9, and whose body was dumped in the Bweinu River (Kaladan River) near Kyapi village, Saiha District, Mizoram State, India.

From December 3 to 6, the MATC held its third council meeting, which discussed, approved and enacted five draft laws[26].

The Second Mara People's Congress was held from January 25 to 28, 2023, with 246 participants, and reorganized the MATC with nine departments[27]. At the congress, the MATC, as the interim legislative body, was renamed[28] the "Maraland Territorial Council (MTC)", and the congress recorded its distrust of the election the junta was preparing to hold.

On April 24, the MTC issued Notification No. (3/2023)[29] stating that, under emergency meeting statement (4/2022), no armed group may enter or operate in Mara territory without permission from the Maraland Territorial Council (MTC/MDF); none may obstruct the administrative machinery; none may undermine unity among the Mara people; and armed groups other than the Maraland Defense Force (MDF) must withdraw from Mara territory immediately from the date of the notice.

The first regular council meeting of the Second Mara People's Congress term was held from July 21 to 24, attended by 55 people. The meeting reconstituted the Mara Unity Frame and commission, discussed and approved the Maraland Defence, Local Administration and Judiciary Acts, and urged the Mara public not to take part in any way in the junta's election processes[30].

On November 30, 2023, it announced that it would fight hand in hand[31] with CDF (Mindat). On December 10, it issued "Position Statement (6/2023) on the Administration of Lailenpi Town and the Formation of the Chinland Council"[32]. The statement said it does not recognize the Chinland Council conference of the Chin National Front (CNF/CNA) and its affiliates, the Chinland Council formed by that conference, the Chinland Constitution it enacted, or the parliament, government and supreme court formed under it, because the whole process does not legitimately represent the true will of the Mara people; deliberately excludes some revolutionary organizations; is not inclusive of all groups; deviates from democratic standards and lacks equality; and aims at domination of the Chin nation by its armed organization; and that it will not apply anywhere in Mara territory. MTC/MDF territory includes six village tracts and 49 villages in Thantlang, Matupi and Paletwa townships. On December 13, the All-Mara Village (Town) and Village Tract Committees Association (VS Association)[33] issued a decision of the general assembly representing all villages, stating that no one other than the MTC may form or operate a local administrative body in Mara territory, that it does not recognize the Chinland constitution and council, and that it agreed to work more closely and promptly with the MTC.

During this period, the MDF also announced that it was carrying out joint military operations[34] with the Arakan Army (AA). On February 18, 2024, the MDF central military command declared in 2/2024[35] a final warning to other armed groups to stop repeatedly entering, deploying and committing hostile acts in Mara territory without prior notice.

On January 30, it formed the "Chin Brotherhood"[36] together with the Zomi Federal Union, the Chin National Organization and the Chin National Council – Mindat, announcing[37] that they would work jointly on military and political matters. On February 1, five of the seven CDF – Kanpetlet battalions, the Victoria, Vakok, Tumee, Khonu and Mahuyar Battalions[38], announced that they would join the Chin Brotherhood.

Also on February 1, the Chin Brotherhood stated that the Chin National Army (CNA) and allied forces had invaded the Mara region and were attacking an MDF camp with drones, using innocent young villagers from Darling village as human shields during the offensive, and called for an immediate end to military interference in the Mara ethnic problem[39]. CDF – Paletwa, CDF – Thangtlang, CDF – Zophei, CDF – Lautu and CDF – Senthang took part as allies[40] of the CNA.

On February 20, in 2/2024, the MTC issued an appeal and notice[41] to fraternal Chin revolutionary organizations about the situation in Mara territory. It said that re-forming a group by misusing the name CDF – Mara, which the Mara People's Congress had dissolved, was illegitimate; that although it had worked to stop killings and human rights violations against MTC/MDF supporters, the CNF-backed group was not at all willing, so reunification had failed; and that if the group did not withdraw from Mara territory and this appeal was ignored, MTC/MDF would not take responsibility for the consequences.

On February 24[42], fighting broke out again when the CNA and allied forces entered MDF territory near Paite village, Pathiantlang village tract, Paletwa Township. Regarding the conflicts among Mara sub-groups, the Interim Chin National Consultative Council (ICNCC) also issued an appeal[43] on February 29, urging a peaceful solution. On March 6, CDF – Kanpetlet[44] also joined the Chin Brotherhood.

On March 30, the Executive Administrative Committee of the Maraland Territorial Council (MTC) released the Mara Report[45], documenting the revolutionary journey of the Mara people over three years of the Spring Revolution.

CDF – Matupi (Brigade 1) also joined[46] the Chin Brotherhood on April 10. The Chin Brotherhood, together with the PDF, YDF, GZA and LPDF and with Arakan Army support, attacked Kyindwe town in Kanpetlet Township in Operation Chin Brotherhood (CB operation)[47], capturing it on April 29 after 54 days. While clearing the area after the battle, it announced that, because Chinland Council forces were conducting military movements in areas controlled by Chin Brotherhood forces, it would retaliate[48] if this continued.

The second council meeting[49] of the MTC's Second People's Congress was held from April 30 to May 2 with a total of 63 participants, including ICNCC representatives. Besides approving the council's internal work, the meeting stated that it would fight together with forces sharing the same aims, including the Arakan Army (AA), CNC/CDF – Mindat, the Chin Brotherhood and the ICNCC. On June 1, it held an emergency council meeting[50] to receive a report on the signing of a peace and reunification agreement between MTC/MDF and IMC/CDF – Mara, mediated by the Mara Evangelical Church (MEC) Peace Commission, and to send representatives to the Re-Unification Committee.

As part of Operation Chin Brotherhood (CB Operation), together with the Yaw Army (YA), the Arakan Army (AA) and the Yaw Defense Force (YDF), it launched an offensive on Matupi on June 9. During the offensive, because the CNF/CNA and forces under it launched surprise attacks on June 16, it issued a public notice[51] on June 18 with details of the incidents[52]. On June 25, the Chin Brotherhood announced that on June 24 it had driven out[53] the CNF/CNA-led force that was disrupting the battle for the town. On June 29, it announced that it had captured[54] Matupi. It also broadcast videos[55][56] of interviews with Major Ye Min Tun of the junta side, who surrendered, as evidence that the terrorist junta and CNA joint forces had fought together against the Chin Brotherhood and its allies in the battle for Matupi.

On July 22, the MDF issued a notice on the control of Lailenpi town, stating that the Arakan Army (AA)'s presence in the town was only to provide military assistance[57] and that it had no involvement in any matter concerning control of the town.

On August 3, the Chin Brotherhood stated that the CNF/CNA had arrested[58] two AA members who were compiling lists of wounded comrades after the battle for Matupi, forced them to confess to drug and security matters and spread this on social media, which harms unity between fraternal ethnic groups, and called for their release and for this not to happen again.

While the town-capturing battles were under way, the MTC raised funds together with the ICNCC and Maraland Vision International (MVI), and Chin Brotherhood and allied comrades have also provided health care[59] for captured prisoners of war.

MTC Page - https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100077922056250

MDF Page - https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100075867370862

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[53]https://scontent-sin6-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/449088901_476732308267500_8496955975402467699_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=eGBNyhwo-gUQ7kNvgHWozVH&_nc_ht=scontent-sin6-1.xx&cb_e2o_trans=t&oh=00_AYAnk2b-_Msg98PsOQUK0Dnx-Bzr0n7T8eV69x2PU69_kw&oe=66B4E06C

[54]https://scontent-sin6-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/449379525_479373721336692_5358540008706992616_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=zz4dTw42ZxcQ7kNvgEBrdqw&_nc_ht=scontent-sin6-1.xx&cb_e2o_trans=t&oh=00_AYAp6bWPzZETzilp5rplIDJNHAGp_NMXDGiAaUWCuvBJGw&oe=66B4EA9D

[55]https://www.facebook.com/100077922056250/videos/513739934340044/?__cft__[0]=AZV594IMiUKmjVCMhaGGZ026DXD93fvBhQVvEPN3Qq-OAWH2WHrNlQBQMIXN9Nj_FnBC3hbm7wpAwZ8QW8bWpl9RVi8zYP0bDSMTSIZajV_HcZ0tY0tji_vYqzXepilzqjNzHpHedgCnvEaxcv7h98-45pb2EwMQZ5wXqcL82wL13rblomX8UMUWJNFZCJ8B1lk-Pbdq2BNfu1zVaYjI7Se4&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[56]https://www.facebook.com/100077922056250/videos/470200112433872/?__cft__[0]=AZXenbi1f5YUxQojHKsHHoRjiU4L3PmwgVovcQmSJ7HAPOuae1U_NuBJj3dHoC1JkFYfqin6tGaluLcDl07Abdk05eBfLUoYRu4nvCBoTUvqWpvAjfrJ57CqQlAZpLH7xZV9dLfKf_Vj0NN3wpxRwXMYMcddrtTSLiOWeHWEltkSkU1H8RUtQFC9HURuJ6TOyGrSgdMACppvwm_kRPCKjWTl&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

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[59]https://www.facebook.com/100077922056250/videos/478299034802023/?__cft__[0]=AZVaR1PQNON3Adm7dCH7b3N6Grgh5_2iDQ11B0joysqMfrE2nS5ry33PjrveuH72ylApERKtTHOJDCQ3n1fk5FCcspkZarIvIxoTYH6KlYiItBM_CrIK83yu5o6f8b11KuNs3ylcdSgN-TbjMO0fviCJlGKj_KyjmOYdd5CCuaun1pjPjgzlBYcSaHvxjMXwebou18ICJTffV4qYOD5dhTXI&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R