A Look Back at 2024 - Triumphs of the Revolutionary War

Northern Zone (Kachin and Northern Shan)

In Kachin State, which closed 2023 with the terrorist junta's artillery attack on the Mung Lai Hkyet displacement camp near Laiza that killed more than 30 displaced civilians including 13 children, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) led the launch on March 7, 2024, of its largest military operation in more than 30 years[1]. About three months after the offensive began, in May, it also expanded by forming a new brigade[2].

In this operation, joined by allied forces including the People's Defence Force (PDF), up to 14 towns had been captured by the end of 2024. These include Sumprabum, Sawlaw, Chipwi, Hpimaw, Injangyang, Sadung, Hsinbo, Dawthponeyang, Myo Hla, Momauk and Mansi, as well as Pangwa, Kanpaikti and Lweje, which are important for border trade.

After capturing Kanpaikti on November 20, it abolished from November 28 the separate administration of Kachin Special Region (1), led by U Zahkung Ting Ying, which had been maintained to keep successive military dictatorships in power[3].

Even amid pressure from neighbouring China throughout 2024, the KIA launched offensives in early December on Bhamo, Kachin State's second city, and Mansi, and has now gained a foothold inside Bhamo town.

The most important development in the northern zone was Operation 1027. Launched on October 27, 2023, it is a major joint operation by the Arakan Army (AA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), known as the three Northern Alliance brothers. Allies including the People's Defence Force (Mandalay) (MDY-PDF), the Bamar People's Liberation Army (BPLA), the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the Danu People's Liberation Army (DPLA) and some battalions of the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force also took part. During the operation, they captured the 16th Infantry Brigade based in Hseni, the Laukkai Regional Operations Command, many battalion-level camps, and up to 18 towns.

Through Chinese mediation, a ceasefire was in place from January 11 to June 25. After the TNLA said the junta had violated the agreement, it joined allied forces in attacking Kyaukme and Nawnghkio in northern Shan and Mogoke Township in Mandalay Region, launching the second wave of Operation 1027. The second wave was also joined by the Northern Shan State Alliance Army (NSSAA), the Mogoke Strategic Battalion under the National Unity Government (NUG), and local defence forces such as the Madaya Myo Mhan force and Singu People's Defence Teams (PaKaFa). As part of the second wave, the Shan–Man Operation[4] was also extended from Mogoke Township in Mandalay Region to Madaya and Singu townships.

On July 3, the MNDAA and allied forces began attacking Lashio, and on July 21, 317 terrorist junta soldiers, including one lieutenant colonel, two majors and five captains, surrendered to the MNDAA and said they wanted to join the allies' attacks[5]. On July 25, it announced that it had captured the Northeastern Command headquarters based in Lashio and that the MNDAA Military Committee had taken over Lashio's administrative machinery[6].

Western Zone (Rakhine and Chin States)

The Arakan Army (AA), which resumed fighting alongside Operation 1027, carried out a series of town-capturing battles in addition to battles to capture camps. It began attacking Buthidaung on February 24, 2024, and fully captured it on May 18.

Continuing its campaign for regional control, the AA captured Buthidaung, Pauktaw, Minbya, Mrauk-U, Kyauktaw, Ponnagyun, Rathedaung, Myebon and Ramree, as well as Paletwa in Chin State. On July 5, it fully captured Ngapali (Mazin) airport, which serves the world-famous Ngapali beach[7], the first airport captured and controlled by revolutionary forces.

On the night of September 5, the AA fully captured the Maung Shwe Lay naval base in Thandwe Township[8], which was defended by more than 1,200 terrorist junta troops.

The Arakan Army (AA) continued its offensives, fully capturing Taungup town on November 24[9] and beginning local administrative mechanisms. On December 8, the 55th day of its offensive, it also captured Border Guard Police Battalion No. 5 (BGP-5)[10], the only one remaining in Maungdaw. On December 20, it fully captured and took control of the terrorist junta's Western Regional Military Command – Ann[11], bringing the number of towns fully controlled by the AA to 14. The AA now holds the towns of Ann, Pauktaw, Minbya, Mrauk-U, Kyauktaw, Myebon, Ponnagyun, Ramree, Rathedaung, Buthidaung, Thandwe, Taungup and Maungdaw, leaving only Gwa, Sittwe, Kyaukphyu and Manaung. It has also now captured about two-thirds of Gwa town.

There have also been coordination needs and disputes with Chin ethnic armed forces over the Paletwa area of Chin State captured by the AA.

The Chin Brotherhood Alliance, an AA ally formed by Chin revolutionary groups, announced on April 23 that, as Operation Chin Brotherhood, it was attacking Kyindwe town in Kanpetlet Township with AA support. The Chin Brotherhood (CB) and allies launched an offensive on Matupi in Chin State on June 9 and fully captured it on June 29, but there were clashes between CNF/CNA forces and the CB during the fighting.[12]

In November, battles to capture Falam and Mindat were fought; it was announced that Mindat District/Township had been captured[13] and that most of Falam town was under control. Then, on December 22, the CB announced that it had launched an offensive on Kanpetlet[14], and captured it that same day without firing a shot[15].

Southern Zone (Karenni, Karen, Mon)

One year after the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) launched Operation 1111 on November 11, 2023, by November 11, 2024[16], Mese, Shadaw and the area east of the Salween in Karenni State had become junta-free territory, with Mese, Shadaw, Mawchi, Demoso, Nan Mae Khon, Ywathit and Mobye under control.

Fighting between Karenni local revolutionary forces and the terrorist junta was less intense in early 2024, but military conflict intensified again from June after the junta burned civilian homes in Loikaw. In July, clashes[17] took place in Loikaw, Hpasawng and Demoso, and in Hpekhon, Pinlaung and Nyaungshwe townships on the Karenni–southern Shan border. During this period, the armed forces in the Karenni region came together to form the Karenni State Joint Forces Chief of Staff Committee. The committee includes the Karenni Army (KA), the Karenni Nationalities People's Liberation Front/Karenni People's Liberation Army (KNPLF/KPLA), the Karenni National Solidarity Organization/Karenni National Solidarity Army  (KNSO/KNSA), the Demoso Township People's Defence Force (DMO-Local PDF) and the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF).

The Karenni State Interim Parliament approved the "Law on the Formation of the Karenni Joint Forces Chief of Staff"[18] on November 18. In November, there were also clashes near Loikaw between the terrorist junta and the Karenni joint forces, and the KNDF announced that prisoners of war had been captured[19]. 

On January 2, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) under the KNU attacked and cleared camps under the military council's Light Infantry Division (66), which had invaded Moe Nay Pwa village tract, Htaw Ta Htoo (Htantabin) Township, Brigade (2), Taw Oo (Toungoo) District, in the Kawthoolei administered territory, through decades of ethnic-cleansing operations using the "scorched earth policy"[20].

In January 2024, fighting continued in areas controlled by KNU brigades but had not yet escalated to other major battles to capture towns and camps. However, military tensions on the Myawaddy–Kawkareik Asian Highway led to traffic being diverted to the Thaw Kaw Koe road section. In late January, a Eurocopter 365 from the base at Thingannyinaung, Myawaddy, in Brigade (6) territory, was shot down and destroyed[21] together with allied revolutionary forces.

On March 7, the KNLA and allied forces launched an offensive on the Thingannyinaung strategic camp, just over 10 miles from Myawaddy, capturing it on April 5. On March 25, after revolutionary forces attacked the Myawaddy trade zone in the border town[22], fighting also broke out in nearby areas including Mae Ka Nel, Hpa Chaung, Tone Ta Dar, Thingannyinaung, Ywathit, Wei Shwan and Mae Pleh. Then, on April 5, fighting broke out in the Shwe Kokko area north of Myawaddy, and also in Hpapun[23]. On April 9, KNLA and PDF allied forces continued attacking terrorist junta camps based in Myawaddy, and the Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge was closed[24].

During the KNU and PDF joint assault on Myawaddy, reports emerged that besieged junta troops were helped by the Karen National Army (KNA), the renamed Karen Border Guard Force (BGF) led by Colonel Saw Chit Thu. The KNA, together with the KNU splinter Karen Peace Council (KNLA-PC) and the Democratic Karen Benevolent Army (DKBA), provided security for Myawaddy during the fighting and did not join either side. Because the terrorist junta took up defensive positions near the bilateral friendship bridge, Thailand also had to increase security.[25] As the terrorist junta launched heavy air strikes near the border to protect its troops near the friendship bridge, Thailand's Deputy Foreign Minister and other ministers came to Mae Sot during the fighting. After heavy fighting on April 20[26], the fighting stopped completely from the morning of the 21st. The KNLA and PDF allied forces also withdrew from Infantry Battalion (275) west of Myawaddy, which they had captured, and the terrorist junta moved back in.

The state-level land, sea and air Operation Aung Zeya to retake Myawaddy was led by Vice-Senior General Soe Win, one of the coup leaders. Reports said he was seriously injured on April 9 by a drone attack by the Alpha Bats drone unit of the Shar Htoo Waw revolutionary forces while commanding the operation from the Southeastern Command headquarters in Mawlamyine, Mon State, and he did not even attend the military council cabinet meeting held on April 22[27]. On April 13, the Aung Zeya reinforcement column attempted to climb the Dawna range east of Kawkareik, but was halted for a week, unable to advance[28], by KNLA Brigade (6) and allied forces.

On April 24, KNU Brigades (4) and (6) and allies also attacked and captured[29] the Hti Po Pwa Shee Maw Hta military camp in Mergui–Tavoy District, which had been occupied since 1997.

Regarding the ongoing fighting along the Asian Highway, on June 1 KNLA Chief of Staff First Brigadier General Ta Mla Thaw warned[30] that the junta's deputy leader was personally commanding the Aung Zeya offensive and that the enemy's offensive needed to be crushed.  On June 20, it advanced and captured the Su Ka Li town camp east of Kawkareik[31]. On July 1, the KNU announced[32] that 96 battles had taken place in Klerlweehtoo District in Kawthoolei administered territory from January 1 to June 30, with 273 killed on the junta's side and four killed on the KNU side.

On October 22, the terrorist junta, advancing through Operation Aung Zeya, carried out a drone bombing of Brigade (7) in Hpa-an District, where the headquarters of the KNU's armed wings, the KNLA and KNDO, are located. This attack was the first[33] in nearly four years since the coup, and came during a regular meeting attended by top KNU leaders. Brigade (7) has seen the least fighting, and the KNU said the attack with four drone bombs caused no casualties. After this incident, in the last week of August, the KNLA and allied forces launched offensives to capture the military council's Swal Taw Kone camp[34] near Lay Kay Kaw south of Myawaddy, located between the two Thai–Myanmar trade towns of Myawaddy and Payathonzu. In addition, KNU Brigade (5) and allied forces captured the Khaw Pote village camp in Hpapun on October 31, with the Bamar People's Liberation Army (BPLA) also reinforcing[35]. The Aung Zeya column, launched as a state-level operation to control Myawaddy, was also stalled on the Dawna range by resistance from Cobra, Black Panther, Yaung Ni (Southern Drone Special Force), the Golden Eagles drone unit, Federal Wings, Justice Wings, Fixed Wing and KNU-KNLA forces.

With its strong alliances, the KNU on December 4 joined KNLA Brigade (5), PDFs, the BPLA and the Force For Federal Democracy (FFD) drone unit in launching an offensive on the Taung Thone Lone camp in Hpapun and Kamamaung. It also attacked and captured the Khaw Pote and Ku Seik Ma Htaw village camps. Then, on the night of December 16, the KNU recaptured its former headquarters at Manerplaw[36], which it had lost nearly 30 years earlier. With Manerplaw back in its hands, the KNU now controls areas along the Salween River, from the confluence of the Salween and Moei rivers north of Shan Ywathit to Taunglay on the Karenni State border.

In Mon State, 2024 developments emerged after the 11th conference of the New Mon State Party (NMSP), the region's longstanding revolutionary organization, held at the end of 2023. The 11th conference was held on December 25, 2023, at its headquarters in the Ye Chaung Phya area, and decided to expand the Central Committee by six members. It also decided not to continue political talks with the military council and to deal with it only through bilateral relations based on mutual agreement. Because of this decision, Deputy Chief of Staff Sa Lun Htaw, General Secretary Nai Zeya and some senior party leaders split from the party and, on February 14, 2024, announced they had formed the New Mon State Party (Anti-Dictatorship) (NMSP-AD)[37] to fight the coup military together with Spring Revolution forces.

Before this, there were already at least 16 armed groups in Mon State. These were the Mon State Defence Force (MSDF), the Mon State Revolutionary Force (MSRF), the Mon State Liberation Army (MLA), Ye Bilu, YJK combat/support, the Ye Guerrilla Force, the Sun Yae Urban Guerrilla Force, Ye Air Force – Stealth Fighter, the Mon State-based Revolutionary Organization (MSRO), the Mon State Revolutionary Army, the Chaungzon Township People's Defence Force, the Bilu Kyun People's Defence and Security Team, the Ramanya Guerrilla Force, the Ye Town Defence Force, the Ramanya Defence Force and the Mawlamyine Defence Force.

In January, Mon armed forces carried out battles to capture camps in Ye Township, Mon State, together with allies including the Students' Army (ABSDF).

On March 27, with no fighting taking place, the terrorist junta bombed Dhammatha village in Kyaikmaraw Township from the air and shelled it with heavy weapons from water and land, burning down around 300 homes; the NRFF urged[38] the public to join revolutionary forces so that the military council and its cronies, who are obstructing the rights of the Mon, disappear from Mon land as soon as possible. The Dhammatha incident was also important for reuniting Mon forces with differing views. The NRFF is a network connecting revolutionary youth forces in Mon and Tanintharyi. In March, the MSRF and allies also took control[39] of the Ye–Dawei Highway No. 8.

After this, on April 1, the NMSP-AD issued a political position[40] rejecting the 2008 Constitution and the NCA, which the NRFF also endorsed[41]. On April 7, as a military alliance, the MSFC's Mon State Revolutionary Force (MSRF) and the Mon State Defence Force (MSDF) agreed to fight together as allies[42]. Then, on April 12, together with other allies, they attacked Kohmo village in Ye and the Malwe Taung gate camp on the Mon–Tanintharyi boundary. On May 5, together with the KNU, they attacked military and Pyu Saw Htee camps[43] in Pe Det and Kyauk Sae villages on Union Highway No. 8 in Thayetchaung Township, Dawei District, Tanintharyi Region.

The NMSP-AD formed political alliances with Pa-O forces such as the PNLO and PNFC, and continued military operations in Ye Township with Mon State-based armed allies.  

Mon-based armed forces attacked bases, artillery camps and gates in the areas where they are stationed, but have not yet been able to wage battles to capture towns. 

On December 19, 2024, four Mon armed groups, the Mon State Liberation Army (MLA), the Mon State Defence Force (MSDF), the Mon State Revolutionary Force (MSRF) and the Mon National Liberation Army (MNLA-AD), agreed to work toward the emergence of a Mon army[44] that includes all Mon revolutionary forces, and announced that as a first step they would carry out joint military operations.   

Central Zone (Sagaing, Magway, Mandalay) 

Because the central zone does not border neighbouring countries, it faces less outside pressure than EROs and revolutionary forces in other zones, with only some indirect effects. However, its political and military landscape is complex because of different origins and structures. There are People's Defence Forces (PDFs) under the National Unity Government (NUG), regarded as the revolutionary government, as well as forces allied with it. There are also armed forces under NUG ministries, namely the People's Administration Teams (PaAhPha), People's Security Teams (PaLaFa) and People's Defence Teams (PaKaFa), as well as region-based Local PDFs and guerrilla forces that have organized locally and partnered with other EROs without joining the NUG.  

There are also many political groupings, making the picture complex: the Sagaing Forum in Sagaing Region, Mandalay regional forces in Mandalay Region, groupings of forces such as the Yaw in Magway Region, and many forms of grouping linked to the NUG and the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH). 

Militarily, Sagaing, Magway and Mandalay regions come under the NUG's Military Region No. 1 command and operate jointly with the Kachin Independence Army (KIA). When the three Northern Alliance brothers launched Operation 1027 on October 27, 2023, fighting broke out that very morning in towns including Lashio, Hseni, Kyaukme, Nawnghkio, Kunlong, Kutkai, Laukkai and Chinshwehaw. The allies also urgently blocked the Lashio–Chinshwehaw and Lashio–Muse Union highways. After the three Northern Alliance members captured many towns in this operation, the Haigeng Agreement was signed through Chinese mediation and fighting paused. During this period, in the central region, a coordinated operation under the command of NUG Military Region (1), bringing together allied forces, PDFs, PaKaFa and Local PDFs, took control of Kawlin and Khampat. 

On December 4, 2023, the NUG announced that people's administration had begun[45] in Kawlin, Sagaing Region, captured in Military Region (1). In November 2023, Khampat, Shwe Pyi Aye and Mawlu in Sagaing Region had also been captured. From early February 2024, the terrorist junta attacked Koe Htaung Bo village tract next to Kawlin from the air and reinforced it with rapid-deployment battalions from Wuntho, with nearly 1,000 troops; more than half the town was destroyed[46], and revolutionary forces had to withdraw and give it up. 

Because the junta violated the Haigeng ceasefire agreement signed through Chinese mediation between the three Northern Alliance members and the terrorist junta, and attacked towns it had lost, the second wave of Operation 1027 resumed on June 25, more than five months later. The second wave was joined by the Northern Shan State Alliance Army (NSSAA)[47], and Sagaing-based battalions including the NUG's MDY-PDF, under the name of the Shan–Man Operation[48], launched offensives on towns not only in northern Shan but also in Mandalay Region. In the MDY-PDF and TNLA offensive, Singu[49] in Mandalay Region was captured on July 17 and Mogoke[50] on July 24, and on July 25 the MNDAA captured the Lashio-based Northeastern Command[51]; the Bamar People's Liberation Army (BPLA) and the People's Liberation Army (PLA) also fought as allies[52] in the Lashio operation. In the second wave, the TNLA also captured Nawnghkio and, on July 31, Momeik[53]. 

The MDY-PDF-led Mandalay offensive also included Madaya Township, where it captured the 1014 Air Defence Inn Kyin Myaing camp, the Sedaw camp, the Pan Tha Le Taung camp, the Ye Soe Taung camp, the Nay Kyaw Taung camp, the Shwe Pa Htoe camp, the Kyauk Kalot camp, and the So Moe Kone Myay Ni Taung camp[54]. During the operation, the MDY-PDF Chief of Staff had issued in advance rules[55] to be followed when capturing towns and villages. On August 4, it helped[56] 15 Chinese nationals trapped in MDY-PDF-controlled territory return home at their own wish. On August 12, it announced that it had achieved up to 80 percent[57] of the intended military targets of Operation 1027 and the Shan–Man Operation, and thanked and honoured the NUG battalions and units fighting alongside it. 

As EROs and revolutionary forces carried out operations to capture towns and camps in northern Shan and Mandalay, region-based forces in Sagaing and Magway also carried out simultaneous operations and formed alliances.

The Burma National Revolutionary Army (BNRA) formed an alliance[58] with the Student Revolutionary Force (SRF), the Chindwin Spring Revolution Force, the BDF and the Mae Hmaung artillery support group, and attacked military council bases/administrative offices[59] in Pale, Yinmabin District, Sagaing Region, and Pyu villages in Mingin Township.

PRA (Magway) has allied with the Asho Chin Defence Force (ACDF) in the Yoma forest range west of Seikphyu and Ngaphe townships, and has also fought battles. The MDY-PDF continued its military operations in Mandalay Region and, on August 12, captured[60] Tagaung in Thabeikkyin Township.

To conduct military operations in Sagaing Region, the Wetlet-based Generation Z Army (GZA) and the BNRA led by Bo Naga joined as dry-zone allied brothers[61]. The GZA has carried out joint military operations with the Arakan Army (AA) in the Rakhine fighting.

Because Chinese pressure slowed military momentum among northern Shan EROs, and to keep established alliances strong, Bamar revolutionary forces stationed in their territories had to relocate their bases. On October 27, the BPLA led by Maung Saungkha, which took part in both waves of Operation 1027, wrote on social media[62] that it would soon relocate to the dry zone and carry out operations there. It then began recruiting for dry-zone operations.

To weaken the MDY-PDF in the militarily strong central zone, the terrorist junta launched a counter-offensive on Madaya Township, and fighting continued until December 19[63].

The allied BNRA and GZA also fought as allies[64] in the battles to capture Mindat and Falam, part of Operation CB carried out by the Arakan Army (AA) and the Chin Brotherhood (CB) in Chin State, and Mindat was captured[65] on December 21. On November 11, the BNRA also launched an operation to capture Pale, linking it with Operation CB as a Coordinated Movement together with the GZA and Southern Yesagyo (SYSO).[66] Two days after the operation began, it controlled about 90 percent of the town, but because the terrorist military kept using heavy air support and reinforcing its troops so as not to lose the town, they had to withdraw four days after the offensive began.

On December 12, Battalions (4) and (10) of Myingyan District (Nwa Htoe Gyi PDF) under NUG Military Region (1) attacked the police checkpoint at mile marker 319 on the Yangon–Mandalay Expressway. On December 23, they expanded their positions onto the expressway itself.

References:

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[2]https://www.bbc.com/burmese/articles/cxrrq16npelo

[3]https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=2171104083290811&set=a.143736392694267

[4]https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/54991/

[5]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6a9kvM595EU

[6]https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=817022123866496&id=100066761468953&mibextid=WC7FNe&rdid=LCS5abPdERBNZD6H#

[7]https://t.me/aainfodesk/998

[8]https://t.me/aainfodesk/1063

[9]https://t.me/aainfodesk/1150

[10]https://t.me/aainfodesk/1191

[11]https://t.me/aainfodesk/1198

[12]https://burmese.narinjara.com/local-news/detail/667aa5003fd27b8caefc67fa

[13]https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122164877318275325&set=pcb.122164877762275325

[14]https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0iujX3FpwBAsnBYdnE9TokFFhPDvG12fMcWBxNqK8vuES8rhk4MbDsQAxNDa3o3wHl&id=61558259765374&__cft__[0]=AZVp0Wz0tFVYoDALFlp_ZrR6-bg9wgk8ZYhYDyevkw-kqwaFZ2YGKioMHScan0LdreLIU7zl2mUMBRRCYacbyOaknrxtWjUCNGBLUPmxx2DfjbD2RoIBVBJWdeUWDcHYC39wwKzP7LHaQbIBvIIGAKp6PnJuKoOBuvWXGhmey2QCfO_y3TliDLb_xO2uW5xdozEVAEHj53jljX0vmL1ZVCiU&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

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[23]https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2024/04/06/381961.html

[24]https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=651213700471283

[25]https://www.facebook.com/KNUHQKTL/posts/pfbid02mgi6hEgmqexAG2qCDgNp2nPQR54XL94iWcmxiRX72XACau57AqD3PTATYciK7sbpl?__cft__[0]=AZWh5TkQ3p06ys7adOo_2W8hEeZtzEaYPswPmW95yqniTmY6Dq_A4EMAS1Gl2U1OzBBYtAbF0-gLrOkPqHkz8lfxCJRaR3tMeILj_azG9wkIdcZpdAgY77iKh9k7ZRN6NW_EYF222BqbbKax8JwAoItTAg1npgDRKErYE4Po_67OSbKrfa75ta1snbj_1gNyQfY&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[26]https://www.facebook.com/KNUHQKTL/posts/pfbid09hGXEfaiR6vuLtTmNso9QZXSU3e3LLvQ5Nq3Nnqw87XBe9J4N2UJceoF63PqVvdil?__cft__[0]=AZWldFIKveqlt2gi1fmq86VousbCQJwtASUegKvseMsCrwz8OTpCEO8zCovtqyeNgU6A2uU9GaTGZcevaLxDuy0kit2XUtMeL6GViCoOq9CygqUfx_IjqXioIz2RS7SuywDw_7Qu77ptXIPOMjDIKgjEwXhJuP0pFIvvnf9QJJxDuENnpllcnyfnzEaPYp4TdHs&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[27]https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2024/04/23/382663.html

[28]https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/51356/

[29]https://www.facebook.com/KNUHQKTL/posts/pfbid02AT4SqUh5RRH3F7hspqg1bpqJuKsRYGFwMWRNCc7CKTwGhx678mfSFhV2mXkanNX1l?__cft__[0]=AZUN7Vk9vDSPWnRLQr7_HtYtIgmpVpuSb7Px6QY6vPuNAcajpwrlchUXshyYEMcQ9iBoKOImXW8dTwSKeQyGOlxmFeZHMGL8AKkqfJfqBFXslyfzfUlGwJYm407HbHu8ydjgzVcRsA8Vi-Fv3o1BGbTVpZHA7W8F7OjHPghG_7EpoKkKXOYA4dWI3N5C-21m0jE&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[30]https://www.facebook.com/KNUHQKTL/posts/pfbid0FZgBSP6E9PogPK8mfA57EVWLeNcCZrTfsGpySBAts6wYddJpTukbWsHLr3bdTK5ul?__cft__[0]=AZWDvo5w_rZ1iyrlflotCQIgR4K-CCqn6WmNrvLkewXZh3Ps9yglPT2GRsFJjcZA5cipdWMns2Fyaxxpt5N0q_R-LcCbeL2RhU83s4S3NeuSE9Ns4zUz1rWpJrH_eyCgz-zlqzCMrwM941VmxEn0l_70h0ivViyvS93u0jsEW9eo627dph_UzwgDi8GDeWSxgIc&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[31]https://www.facebook.com/KNUHQKTL/posts/pfbid02iCzqDg3wJX2FECyabWyP4gt1BDVA5Dz3hqSoQ3qwMQe2QPyXxPRcsdu6qkEEKZPjl?__cft__[0]=AZXVvv_08thcP3jC-y4qF0PbVcagETLzYSjuflNZiTihv5pOBV-7NreV3H2Qak_c-OoCVqN5A-cRRiPBnB-KR-8KwCaH8zGQ24QS49Mq4py-0-c2rJYh5HV8etEG2hcqBC-RP114Me4w_1LizyB_9LW9IJUgBMJphLHV2G8-gsSqT-qdNq2w1kCYVnVcBH1SLQM&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[32]https://www.facebook.com/KNUHQKTL/posts/pfbid02Vi4WAN7xnZFkshFiaM1LSGgLkyg6EFL68TfisRMx2ffNMeT38g3tS6XWjERYMNbkl?__cft__[0]=AZXSBM5DvX9eXpP2Q7koKKf7-xU8xhOd7e0xIw9pShv9vON8o8ajT0AjMDrfgZam2m2-mw-_3gY8Lwev2Wbb8lCMpUduMa41e5bjDmQg-Mqge5vS0zKKPmELmNbRNwjiEtsmjVsn_Ht9MJyAu90s-TSnUOkSZ7fjClGTiDpu5un4iCSdnWAEYCDNjvsC6um100E&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[33]https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/58595/

[34]https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/57560/

[35]https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/58889/

[36]https://myanmar-now.org/mm/news/59856/

[37]https://www.facebook.com/NMSPADINFO/posts/pfbid02hfDcFw4cz9dp5qGb1cf1SaGZ946KQxR8Y3x3hK3avESpf18GejcVeKa38qX2nq4Tl?__cft__[0]=AZXB-fafzTpucM-oIpVuV3x1tWNvx9fSAFvNTIiDQP2pJbAUlQnkQvKa05g7_ik2aZm56C1864wvEDasaLMnoxuJVMmGm1k1DeSw8B7LirvOVSpOeauGgzVozRTgDvYCu2HuJ2bu7KHvfrsHSH2UT9t6dAHAb8DnJUTetWBbMRmb8J3LWtShE_kdbfxNYRghXdjSXwrIqv-O8gCe7JfMLXZf&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[38]https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122134431086157848&set=pb.61554735463059.-2207520000

[39]https://www.facebook.com/MonStateRevolutionary/posts/pfbid029JfHXVTCp4mzfSVAYRbdeiETgW5C7WPGjAUrLTfzb83Q9VM3jfg7Q7ueEwis26cMl?__cft__[0]=AZWdcvQnXD9rmI-N9frRvdQYl4vsPREBXMlbEzW9Lrdco5HY-Nrr2HoCrgPpz71bvqLIErTLysr7Io3ZnYTUif1if4XqUBAEnqaJJ6aY1rlA7RcBiBNPkj7Pjc5G-Cc9TX_QM-2HXFxKjcJX0IgPG21yPNmLCo6veqJJrFGp2-jRP1uT600cUuItnIIsp056HDk&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[40]https://www.facebook.com/NMSPADINFO/posts/pfbid02bfLsgmc7AnEJTv1pT3Hdueg8XZc7XVKUCzVFSwTx6qEKJMSpqgm7A5heirL4gyEZl

[41]https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=122136586826157848&set=pb.61554735463059.-2207520000&type=3

[42]https://www.facebook.com/MonStateRevolutionary/posts/pfbid0k42ShysSDSFvhsshCJeAp2apTab1WXdkhbxNJYijZZ8qQAcAHKxfL9D74TLGDDAzl?__cft__[0]=AZUp0FnN0dfVVz7KikUdOi1aEREUWRYl1g9o-g7n_40YXedKDgoFHuue8w0Wis4OZFuB8wPFenX7rcEgA_HbAAfsLuz-wmbzW7kjDTSZbdVKUy5w3HY2btIjq-uSyZ_qsYFXXH2ibVNmkkkhNwGn8jZjTIVhN4SK4tGlE4fvWEUJZVqqEn5Cegv5CqnC1Kl7DX4&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[43]https://www.facebook.com/MonStateRevolutionary/posts/pfbid0gFXipo4TqXtaiuTgGQyRurWRjhCmtHHT4RvPmaL3Kx9t4g3FCVqC4rJgQ5fqEntLl?__cft__[0]=AZU110m6iGavjahCFSzwcKvFQZcM4RJ23Q95RTfoJlKziZmG3QmOb214PL5KZz36Vzu4NwzYstXryJ3oaF7oFUg8W-Jl73En1SgNBj3zaI9qip_OFeS5bbC_jDleSMihhWRrOfDuAY-8w6MSROLMihxSALeaNoLMjsVZlYtOaW0jkIC5yUDdgIEj8mzwtOWIGXQ&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[44]https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=605026008873358&set=a.257980603577902

[45]https://www.facebook.com/NUGmyanmar/posts/pfbid0AM4FR5Zcar4ZB71wsMBxo3kYP8gJcoGpuQynSmjuScStRphpr8v3t4MgLm28r4rpl

[46]https://www.bbc.com/burmese/articles/c51e0kwnqn8o

[47]https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=807334024832913&set=a.444523181114001

[48]https://www.facebook.com/kachinwavesnews/posts/pfbid0M57haRL7Ts1LY1ofRVgH6CtpMEWNsCR5z89hHaa51YbPjkM5RhANxA7hRH8keNhCl?__cft__[0]=AZVg-6RIq60AM3EM8R5iF4kb2pt2iwnR1TSmgrPUQ8tSfUVRaJpfUAsWyrWQw9I9fepW5kUUCXX7pos8pspEsCPLryNQTf6HQ8fvgyVfXUloZT0RdRaMIxepIePnHBAHz4zUMXXyQwZFHqjXninjWwj_tIztW71THfA2sylTbngrjQ&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[49]https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid032jKV3z9KHfWjk186CdUbmSLnW7Rpr9foEGu9uwMywukEEJySo1hLdr6bfVh7EQXdl&id=61559171995407

[50]https://t.me/mandalaypeopledefenceforce/518

[51]https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2024/07/25/387684.html

[52]https://www.facebook.com/BamarPeoplesLiberation/posts/pfbid0ucV8eAJKPTVCjjCGzHdNoCtzAip9dgoRAACGRgE5UbpmiV7U2npoQ72aVr9vSfpil?__cft__[0]=AZUDfvASQljnHxbUwHxWyWAJatLLU3Z_Lbjq6nqNz_YmJ8_DYhsM70Kr8M-cReRC1zSJHeYs00EikL3V2uAF0hNv97XJrNCDjWTb52KJ1LD1JYriSHJ_KFt86PFyaBXxzYUVxA4F1a298HuY2GN01LD4XHdGEwzqWNt8VqVSbe_M5SlGDyYiszzg0X1a-ft8IV4&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[53]https://t.me/taangtv2023/3104

[54]https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02KYex336W42py2bN11AXSUKRdFHhaMw1Mb2upAFzoVQmWcDWxKswdyt5coZDdMER9l&id=61559171995407&__cft__[0]=AZVJEXxRAg3hj_RESJpO79zkbsMw6Z-g7rw0n3hW1HB9zk2flLVmsuwiL3U7hmhbwy6Cg1a5CFTTtG5M5lXgc7gRje41CYAvyWgI5jOZtxrucLt0L_2tkPJX9GvEpzpIkOhRYlYyjFb6lpY6SFBw0gdT64Rq7wv6zklbbGiqTp8F4zZxPfFkRMPpjcYnuljBrh_YHfCuMnf86y7WJgZYLjtr&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[55]https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02guCxRVYYh2opkbGCWS8ypsgvbFnWpT6tGssoeQsjZRCKcHBdJBENb2uDAXXhVYyfl&id=61559171995407&__cft__[0]=AZUQ141pfH9hgOiI1PBQMmTFDxgR9ZvN260kpD1OA-A0EdJ23MY1wvFYerXpelVCUWGlUKyhLjCmiHfdK0VGvnaQ2vxbGMrDaKcLQERE4-a2AI_8yAsz4tmZJE_axNsPxTZx4sH2kHx3kyqWbVkuUz-vx7vFSbp_EmVK37YOQhjGumyjaqutHmv_DDVW4B4-aB6cGATVH1eTEkH4Rcrgs3H_&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[56]https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0mwfy3TdAJ8teDnidEHwFPgZbJvtuccjQn6XuFZ4DZ5DXkKdcxYL8uGS3Vk3L6TTVl&id=61559171995407&__cft__[0]=AZXLIf0Bkc9W_a3cAxIN7oBF6l1NLbosm4nO4RdlNw5jenwg4cuONvb1Op-Qp-6_vBJYmf2YhGf7hZ2989P2P8iDO2k8wh9Ahuh25_IGPz_q0I_mx-GEWsG2XZiGdSGOBwoPYTax_P4grrR6sWPSrKdgKnYYQ2U9LbRmp3xstzapREzcwecdKlKWAKY1je0xOetRwl4ApgkMa7WTMl7q-NjG&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[57]https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02rxiWkM6NyKTgnBan3jrh4CSt9mNFf6pQhFzh8xQ3bUJRifQkxvt4NfEMjEcM23Hal&id=61559171995407&__cft__[0]=AZXhSozO1038O9JDF6Z_FJf1fk19YyM_hIHMzyKOsXill8tkzN1gFjbnVmNVZBQwSgECDiWGBNHZWNKUZG81otRf3Ie91je628jBH2vfmMMHWasSbC93eOeRLwRkAfVZiRKksBz2KRWkaM91yOQL8X4UYPm1oDhIWJxhLHSkMKNjvpGCfqcoeitG6hruTxjC_-Li6ezFzIHbsEHmBSSgP9kp&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[58]https://www.facebook.com/burmanationalrevolutionaryarmy/videos/3670491303224279/?__cft__[0]=AZUkf_3P4zckXZoh6rlyFm4lbQd2Lo0vt0QQ0IhF9DlKuimwp_b17GB7MXfJqs-7m-vzA17WNla1-dOw8U_vx0IQF9D3nW_U5-xWLKV9iovYIPaFiffMVVr-2us5R7P4BvnrNecMYxw3NLaIr154QMz6IXcqeLt2xF-cQ1fy9Sqy34joSE3066G68Xba_1i_mNvX3psQuvZOGnBtYtDPCxHw&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[59]https://www.facebook.com/burmanationalrevolutionaryarmy/posts/pfbid0369Wqxs9CBU9CYgcD2SR7wtnBhXi7DatruRNzKfsw52nnN7qvmFJCvr2h6yqW1Km2l?__cft__[0]=AZVfS8tZcZralpgPO_XVng4VqR15PhJmicH20tq0DmroSDaKJCz_pYIwbiLkG5j61zriFeB9b5MBwk4FYza6R2fBoA3b1FEtqtHhWzNTs8MmXcmA-Oq55iblOqpuECQGoNEC21JD5BGltXtBGXB4fk_FgWYSmDFFQ6Y68bBAryukeURpazJb6o-1Z766Vy0WWtLV5c3NOzxd1LdHQoVbeqCq&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[60]https://www.facebook.com/modNUG/posts/pfbid0s98RZVCvkvZdyRZYY7LjH78x666w6z1LrcwN57BK7XqzGr1iPV1vWhwZdmKFHQEwl

[61]https://www.facebook.com/mandalayfreepress/posts/pfbid02LCSaVAEXGdANiQ1LHZZtyJj1MRTxbb29Y1d5CMK9PRycUXF9twPg31ikpgvDaUw7l?__cft__[0]=AZW1p2pJWtzxecaW1Hf66r-HJGk8sAVfoLnE7wllWRDYhdUWd5EO2lwAF9mBmW0jsF6oSrumfetEe4fnvXbl1Iw3QK7GCRd4T870VkxT46KUAKGOmWwLLBmXTjvTZa5yqPqTABxwa1PR9HHlgycoU54tmjvZshI58-ZZlWXmyJlrhA&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[62]https://www.facebook.com/bvjmedia/posts/pfbid0EGyd2zVUykRZjMYybTwsDry6g5JMWeVyrYTnSpUJWU4XVRG27KxXt2Vf6Dbyx4g2l?__cft__[0]=AZWt4Pl4Z-fVdwH9pprxJ9ymtgFMV2D9TGLselMQcrqR9kqHxwokQI9ySzSaEJ1_hXrJeHa55RlQjGaGNG5x_WILaG0bipkK2d9hN8-cHJWHgdHAAMNHF4ZQ490IHbD_qHkCYLjn5TFXrxAJCeoIdhg2HrcfJaX9Al2BttsG-gm-7RHrHnUWfvhHDUSgE4ybM5aLxMZ-rIYMmI1Mlg12NlykK3VMsOIm48W6vZoqE5a6CA&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-y-R

[63]https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02X1xp5gwXgVfsw6oYFwreq2xZE8tMkzSMDSV8VzsUoNn1a3hvQ4YrbQKYofVBhGjGl&id=61559171995407&__cft__[0]=AZV5hRSRFtss51Gmic84pC_5QZR25TFGS3VjQ-G8Rq_oD5-iQ4UYFE0UOLm_Sgvvw0RsIkWpdx-yTzmTb52ZhUeCaUhnKCt9hksSeAdLvGjrmb5o9trga4BdFwqJxIEdyq28-PaydxTh0f5I5uT-rWU5YoixFfWRKVktJXTAzND60aZ44OwwepAcbUh-34lwEwo8jKPYKe9jQT9MmyAxSqlU&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[64]https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid03souof6DbRd6EgLsfcJwRU83UyRU7BYdXZtFm92DXQqVfy8owSV3ybuE6X5kE9Kyl&id=61556633261986&__cft__[0]=AZVgUNQZLTLbQAeZE03DbDXmmV9C1N1PTLQzRrmfxNijXXEQgFm0YQGjM8-72WSUi6Ez77pUI-npkV_z5cmLrhPGbxRtTnJpH9W2ORVLi8OGSHwbXHQ98vBACshAXP4GJFEFmw04QCzEnYkTUSNZniOXccbyuSLTvsQJurnVOEcfMg&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

[65]https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=595193192895287&set=pcb.595193462895260

[66]https://www.facebook.com/burmanationalrevolutionaryarmy/posts/pfbid02JvHfZYmYuU5CzPgiY6GqcVUj7sLBTJK4oeFHuMrbL1RugLLQHFtvAhTNjnJija2Hl?__cft__[0]=AZXw7XktdtSXu1B7I6Jh-a163vY2dATfy_0XYmm8aXjM5vGmZYkXYfq6KxbTkPa3uK-rBfQjmkYSohYFAwwln6FObvQQKokyy0iRRUyQueEkov5VQ_UT34R8Bm9tvfZvgeg6A4bx_4PQ-8J_mdKu6G_MxL5gCPKetpAAR-ZfrNfBVEBYR99jh_h7M2JHjjVk6mgGF6MAU3cWD-Zt9ujwmV51&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

Photo by Min Thuta on Unsplash